Mastering the Credit‑Dispute Process

Know the Clock

Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), bureaus must investigate most disputes within 30 days of receiving your complaint. 

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Step‑by‑Step

1. Pull all three reports and highlight every item you believe is inaccurate.
   
   

2. Gather proof—statements, cleared checks, payoff letters, emails.
   
   

3. Write a concise dispute letter (one error per letter is safest) and send it certified mail to both the bureau and the furnisher.
   
   

4. Track deadlines. If the bureau doesn’t respond or correct the record within 30 days, escalate to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
   
   

Escalation & Protection

• CFPB complaint: Filing online attaches your evidence and often triggers faster action.
  
  

• Credit freeze or fraud alert: If fraud is involved, a free freeze blocks new accounts, while a one‑year alert forces lenders to verify identity first.
  
  

• Time your rate‑shopping: Modern FICO versions treat multiple mortgage, auto, or student‑loan inquiries made within 45 days as a single hit—plan applications accordingly. 
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Key Takeaways

• Disputes are your right—use certified mail, keep copies, and watch the 30‑day window.
  
  

• Escalate to the CFPB if the bureau or lender drags its feet.
  
  

• Freeze your credit after any confirmed fraud, and cluster legitimate loan inquiries inside 45 days to limit score impact.

Disclaimer: These articles are for educational purposes only and do not constitute legal or financial advice. Consult a qualified professional for guidance tailored to your specific situation.